T cell receptor binding kinetics required for T cell activation depend on the density of cognate ligand on the antigen-presenting cell.

Effect of Anti-CD3/CD28 Dynabeads and Allogeneic PBMCs on Expansion of Anti-MUC1 Chimeric Receptor T Cells

Background and purpose: In recent years, immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells) has been considered as a novel and promising treatment for some diseases, especially cancer. The CAR T cell production is a multi-step, complex, time-consuming, and costly process. One of the most important steps in production of CAR T cells is expansion of these cells at appropriate num...

Recent Advances in T Cell Signaling in Aging

The immune system of mammalian organisms undergoes alterations that may account for an increased susceptibility to certain infections, autoimmune diseases, or malignancies. Well characterized are age related defect in T cell functions and cell mediated immunity. Although it is well established that the functional properties of T cells decrease with age, its biochemical and molecular nature is...

The Immunomodulatory Effect of Cyclophosphamide on Regulation of T-Cell Subsets and Antigen Presenting Cells.

Engineered Jurkat Cells for Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen on Prostate Cancer Cells by Nanobody-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptor

Background: Recently, modification of T cells with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has been an attractive approach for adoptive immunotherapy of cancers. Typically, CARs contain a single-chain variable domain fragment (scFv). Most often, scfvs are derived from a monoclonal antibody of murine origin and may be a trigger for host immune system that leads to the T-cell clearance. Nanobody is a spe...

CD2 molecules redistribute to the uropod during T cell scanning: implications for cellular activation and immune surveillance.

Dynamic binding between CD2 and CD58 counter-receptors on opposing cells optimizes immune recognition through stabilization of cell-cell contact and juxtaposition of surface membranes at a distance suitable for T cell receptor-ligand interaction. Digitized time-lapse differential interference contrast and immunofluorescence microscopy on living cells now show that this binding also induces T ce...